ABSTRACT
Objective At present, the risk factors for cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients are not quite clear.This study was to explore the impacts of the clinical features, emotional health and quality of life (QOL) on the cognitive function of the adult patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales, we evaluated the cognitive functions of the 109 adult epileptics of the outpatient clinic of neurology in Jinling Hospital.We assessed their emotional health with Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24), estimated their QOL with Quality Of Life in Epilepsy-31 (QOLIE-31), and collected their baseline clinical data by questionnaire survey.Results There were 67 cases of MCI (61.5%) among the 109 patients.The residential area was the strongest predictor of MCI in the adult epileptics (OR=0.226, 95% CI: 0.082-0.627).Among other risk factors of post-epileptic MCI were the total scores of HAMD-24 (OR=0.770, 95% CI: 0.644-0.921) and QOLIE-31 (OR=0.712, 95% CI: 0.575-0.880), QOL (OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.015-1.128), cognitive function (OR=1.120, 95% CI: 1.043-1.203), and social function (OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.035-1.175).Conclusion The incidence of MCI is high in adult patients with epilepsy.The development and progression of post-epileptic MCI can be delayed by more emphasis on the evaluation of cognitive function, emotional health, and quality of life.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of bracketless invisible appliance(BI),self-ligating bracket(SB) and conventional brackets(CB) on periodontal indices(PI) and inflammatory cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) in adult orthodontic patients.Methods:90 orthodontic patients were randomly divided into CB,SB and BI groups(n =30).The subjects in the 3 groups accepted invisalign,Demon Q self-ligating brackets and conventional MBT brackets respectively.Plaque index(PLI),probing depth (PD) and interleukin-13 (IL-3),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) in GCF were analyzed before treatment,l,3 and 6 months after treatment,and after appliance removed respectively.Results:1 to 6 months after treatment,PI,IL-β and TNF-α rose constantly in CB and SB groups and reached to their top 6 months after treatment.There were no statistical differences between CB and SB groups 1 months after treatment,while PI,IL-β and TNF-α of SB group were lower than those of CB group 3 and 6 months after treatment and after therapy completed.PLI、IL-1 β and TNF-α of BI group were significantly increased 6 months after treatment.However,each index of BI group was significantly reduced compared with SB and CB groups after treatment.Conclusion:The SB has fewer disadvantages on peridentium than CB,while the BI is more conductive to protect the periodontal health status than SB and CB.
ABSTRACT
Objective Ischemic stroke with elevated serum immunoglobulin E ( IgE) in some young patients is regarded as cerebral vasculitis clinically though without sufficient pathological evidence .This study was to investigate the characteristics of vascular lesions in these patients by temporal artery biopsy . Methods We performed histopathologic examinations on the temporal arteries of 32 young ischemic stroke patients with unknown etiology , 16 with normal and the other 16 with elevated serum IgE .We observed inflammatory cells infiltration and mast cells by HE staining and toluidine blue stai-ning respectively and determined the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase -9 (MMP-9), monocyte chemotaxis protein -1 (MCP-1) and serum IgE by immunohistochemistry . Results Compared with the patients with normal IgE , those of the elevated IgE group showed a significantly higher rate of inflammatory cells infiltration (12.5%vs 62.5%, P0.05).Nor was any signifi-cant difference observed in the number of the mast cells between the normal and elevated IgE groups (2.8 ±1.5 vs 3.6 ±2.3, P>0.05). Conclusion The infiltration and necrosis of inflammatory cells and fibrin exudation in the temporal artery of the young pa-tient with elevated serum IgE are likely to be the manifestations of vasculitis , and MCP-1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.